The major global environmental issues that must be addressed by 2030

Climate change is the most serious environmental issue that humanity will face in the coming decade, but it is not the only one. We'll look at some of them, from water scarcity and biodiversity loss to waste management, and discuss the challenges that lie ahead.

The third decade of the twenty-first century has begun, and the environmental challenges ahead of us, as outlined in the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, are numerous. This global plan of action, adopted in 2015, proposes specific measures to achieve a world that is fairer, more prosperous, and more environmentally conscious within ten years. In this regard, the UN warns that we are running out of time, and the question now is whether we have enough time to save the planet.

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MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Global warming caused by CO2 emissions, which have increased by nearly 50% since 1990, is accelerating climate change and endangering the survival of millions of people, plants, and animals by causing meteorological events such as droughts, fires, and floods, which are becoming more frequent and extreme. This means we must take steps to mitigate its effects and adapt to its consequences, which will last for centuries even if we keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius as required by the Paris Agreements.

POLLUTION ISSUES AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 90 percent of humanity breathes polluted air, so the WHO is calling for a reduction in air pollution to reduce rates of respiratory illnesses, thereby preventing seven million deaths per year. According to Oxfam Intermón, contaminated water also causes major health problems and five million deaths each year. Among other things, the UN advocates eliminating dumping, reducing chemical use, and treating more wastewater.

OCEANS PROTECTION

The oceans have become massive plastic waste dumps. Furthermore, there are other serious environmental issues related to the oceans, such as ecosystem damage caused by global warming, dumping of pollutants, wastewater, and fuel spills. The UN calls for better management of protected areas, including adequate resources, as well as a reduction in overfishing, pollution, and ocean acidification caused by global warming.

RENEWABLES AND ENERGY TRANSITION

While energy accounts for 60% of global GHG emissions, the UN estimates that 13% of the world's population lacks access to electricity and that 3 billion people rely on fossil fuels for cooking. This situation necessitates an energy transition to a cleaner, more accessible, and efficient model based on the use of renewable energy sources in order to build communities that are more sustainable, inclusive, and resistant to environmental issues such as climate change.

A FOOD MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Food production is harmful to the environment because it depletes the soil and damages marine ecosystems. Furthermore, overexploitation of natural resources has jeopardized food safety and the availability of safe drinking water. To save energy and reduce CO2 emissions, the UN believes it is critical to change the food production model and our eating habits, including a more plant-based diet with local ingredients.

BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

We have already lost 8% of known animal species, and another 22% are on the verge of extinction, owing primarily to habitat destruction, poaching, and the introduction of invasive species. The United Nations has called for decisive action to end these threats and protect our natural heritage, including our increasingly threatened forests.

MOBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Another of the decade's major environmental challenges will be the growth of cities, which will need to accommodate around 5 billion people by 2030. Future metropolises will need to be compact, safe, inclusive, ecological, and energy efficient, with more green spaces, environmentally friendly buildings, and more sustainable modes of transportation that prioritize pedestrian needs over traffic needs.

WATER SCARCITY AND HYDRIC STRESS

More than 40% of the world's population is affected by a lack of this resource, which is essential for human, animal, and plant survival, and agriculture accounts for more than 70% of the water used in the world's most arid countries, according to the World Economic Forum. Responsible use of hydrological resources will increase food and energy production while also protecting the biodiversity of our water ecosystems and slowing climate change.

EXTREME METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS

Droughts, hurricanes, and heatwaves are becoming more frequent, intense, and destructive as a result of global warming. Keeping temperatures stable, as advocated in high-level negotiations, as well as improving our capacity to respond to climate emergencies, are the keys to reducing the number of these disasters, adapting to them, and defending ourselves from them.

OVERCROWDING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

The UN predicts that the world population will exceed 8.5 billion by 2030, forcing us to significantly reduce the amount of waste we generate as part of the circular economy, with the goal of minimizing the impact on health and the environment.

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