UN declares access to clean, healthy environment as universal human right

 

The United Nations (UN) declared in a historic resolution that everyone on the planet has the right to live in a clean, healthy environment.

Climate change and environmental degradation are the most serious threats humanity faces in the future, according to the resolution, which was adopted on July 28, 2022.

The historic development demonstrates that member countries can work together to combat the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution.

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According to scientists, these factors account for the deaths of approximately nine million people each year.

"The resolution will contribute to the reduction of environmental injustices and protection gaps." It has the potential to empower people, particularly those in vulnerable situations such as environmental human rights defenders, children, youth, women, and indigenous people," said UN Secretary-General António Guterres in a statement.

The declaration clarifies nearly all of the rights related to environmental health.

"Everyone, everywhere has the right to eat, breathe, and drink without poisoning their bodies," said Michelle Bachelet, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Society should transform by embracing sustainable practices such as renewable energy and a circular economy.

"This right was not enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights." "As a result, this is a historic resolution that will alter the very nature of international human rights law," said David Boyd, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment.

After 50 years, a landmark resolution has been reached.

The United Nations Conference on the Environment in Stockholm concluded 50 years ago with a resolution putting environmental issues at the forefront of global concern.

Over 176 countries have now adopted environmental framework laws based on it. "Since gaining a foothold in the Stockholm Declaration in 1972, these rights have been incorporated into constitutions, national laws, and regional agreements." The UN Human Rights Council will recognize it in October 2021. "Today's decision elevates the right to its rightful place: universal recognition," said Inger Andersen, executive director of the UN Environment Programme.

The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on the right to water and sanitation on July 28, 2010. It stated that "safe drinking water and sanitation are necessary for the realization of all human rights."

As a result, governments all over the world have changed their water and sanitation laws and regulations.

As a result, one of the essential requirements for living a dignified life is the right to a healthy environment. People must hold their governments accountable in order for these rights to be realized.

The declaration, which was signed by more than 160 UN member countries, including India, is not legally binding. However, the UN stated that it will encourage countries to include the right to a healthy environment in national constitutions and regional treaties.

Russia and Iran chose not to vote. India voted in favor of the resolution, pointing out that General Assembly resolutions do not create legally binding obligations. State parties undertake obligations for such rights only through conventions and treaties.

There is no internationally agreed definition for the terms "clean," "healthy," and "sustainable." According to the country's representative, the text fails to refer to the fundamental principle of equity in international environmental law.

Nonetheless, according to the United Nations, this has given environmental activists more power to question environmentally destructive actions and policies.

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